>> /ExtGState << -When alone, when a situation is physically dangerous for the victim. As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. -Emotion: Americans rated the central figure without basing it off of those around it, Japanese was opposite. Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. That is, habitual cooperators assume most of the others as cooperators, and habitual defectors assume most of the others as defectors. /Font << /Contents 36 0 R others. /F2 22 0 R /F1 21 0 R /Nums [0 [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R Narcissism Individual differences variable character ized by extremely high but insecure levels of self-esteem. /S /Transparency 2,000 & 11,000 \\ >> << >> 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R] The "motivated tactician" model is best described by which of the following? if we can find evidence that matches hypothesis is true attending a lecture, going to a restaurant, plane trips), PSYC1030: Personality Content-free schema: rules for processing information. 0 444 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 endobj xZ[o:~|VDJ vlm\,>8kzI#Hg87\u4_|6es^,.75>.z Fgq=q?"baKFKX>aY.wrw7d/yss7u',>#=6u_@fVubl+6"(ehK}~aOS&q1~_Xr[\eQ/FTvqg4;8V=q.0bIA_:?tb.OtD*x"[ =v:Zz=7;s+w@Y{~;\11k0_~z9PwZWBf~8Me((hI'8B)|]>r KP+b:PS6zONv3oq^C%-G L~C /Font << Cognitive miser - Oxford Reference /Header /Sect /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman 12 [337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. /StructParents 0 "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. [16][17][18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] -employ equal status contact, need equal opportunities, -Need to belong: a motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions. concept, type of stimulus). -"I told the other participant I liked the task and I got pad only one dollar to do so, so I must've actually liked it". The brain in your pocket: evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking . AS such, categorization provides /F4 24 0 R /Type /Font Personality has been conceptualised from a variety of theoretical perspectives, and at various levels of abstraction and breadth. /F4 24 0 R /ExtGState << /Name /F3 /Type /Group >> Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. What is the probability that he will be a good president?" /Tabs /S Naive scientist Heider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attribution s using similar processes to those of scientists. endobj Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! -Eastern: interdependent self, permeable relational, in the context of relationships with other people /Type /Page Keith Stanovich . /GS7 27 0 R [24], Lack of public support towards emerging techniques are commonly attributed to lack of relevant information and the low scientific literacy among the public. /Textbox /Sect What is conformity? /F3 23 0 R System 2 may also have no clue to the error. What is the motivation of the cognitive miser? -O6'3:gLM./HP7f_Pm.Td]o>/pv/%]*+x/v]s&huL?tF&|A{>[#ncBq7_ \* gUF g53sV{jwL~*Q?L"\Nc7S;Jv_TO#,$=wa)3bpmn0`n^m9s;'g0lOwPO qu?tv,. Social Cognitive Psychology : History and Current Domains - Google Books What kinds of differences are found in attention, cognition, emotion and behaviors based on cultural dimensions such as independence/interdependence or individualistic versus collectivist? /Type /Font 11 [312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R /Type /Group >> /F4 24 0 R /GS8 28 0 R What kinds of errors occur when we don't process all relevant information? 5,000 & 8,000 \\ 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R] /CS /DeviceRGB >> >> -Aggression: westerners feel angry to people they are close to or when they are mistreated, easterners opposite /BM /Normal -Cognitive dissonance: an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts, -Self perception theory: theory that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviors -Self-justification: justifying destructive behaviors /Length 2864 heuristics in judgment and decision-making, Human inference: strategies and shortcomings of social judgment, Like goes with like: the role of representativeness in erroneous and pseudoscientific beliefs, Science and selection: essays on biological evolution and the philosophy of science, 3 MESSAGES AND HEURISTICS: HOW AUDIENCES FORM ATTITUDES ABOUT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government. How do we use positive test strategy to test hypotheses? Barr . /F6 26 0 R >> /Type /Pages But the problem remains that although these shortcuts could not compare to effortful thoughts in accuracy, people should have a certain parameter to help them adopt one of the most adequate shortcuts. /CS /DeviceRGB /StructParents 10 >> /Type /Group Cognitive miser Wikipedia Republished // WIKI 2 /Contents [46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R] /Font << [9], In order to meet these needs, nave scientists make attributions. What is the "door-in-the-face" technique? /ExtGState << Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R -Pluralistic ignorance: error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do What is the best treatment for groupthink? Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of socialpsychology research that questioned its explanatory power. Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion: Central vs. Peripheral would sanctify the pursuit of selfinterest. Before this, human thinking was. >> /S /Transparency Nathaniel . a. >> A pragmatic social cognitive psychology covers a lot of territory, mostly in personality and social psychology but also in clinical, counseling, and school psychologies. 4 0 obj /LastChar 116 Aug 2016. [26] [27], Based on the assumption that human beings are cognitive misers and tend to minimize the cognitive costs, low-information rationality was introduced as an empirically grounded alternative in explaining decision making and attitude formation. ->Eastern: connectedness, harmony, commonality, holistic thinking, duties and obligations. 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.029. %PDF-1.4 How did the Robber's Cave researchers reduce inter-group hostility? In this sense, effective communication can be achieved if media provide audiences with cognitive shortcuts or heuristics that are resonate with underlying audience schemata. What is situated social cognition? [2] [3], The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. certain conditions. [23], Cognitive misers could also be one of the contributors to the prisoner's dilemma in gaming theory. . Popkin's analysis is based on one main premise: voters use low information rationality gained in their daily lives, through the media and through personal interactions, to evaluate candidates and facilitate electoral choices. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding -Foot in the door: have someone respond positively to a small request, then to a large one We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. /Footnote /Note [2][34] Yet certain pitfalls may be neglected in these shortcuts. People have trouble in imagining how small failings can pile up to form a catastrophe; People tend to get accustomed to risk. -How humans think and behave like they do, Briefly describe the history of this area of psychology. endobj Acting as a cognitive miser should lead those with expertise in an area to more efficient information processing and streamlined decision making. >> >> /FirstChar 32 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R] /Contents 44 0 R [36] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. too much on mibd = heuristics 3) importance - heuristics better for estimates, if decison is important become a naive scientist 4) information level - if have all necessary info = become naive scientist What is the Sensation vs Perception Bias? -Simple tasks: surrounded by people during a simple task makes us perform better ->discrimination is a thing of the past, African Americans are pushing too hard, their gains have been excessive. The cognitive miser is someone who is reluctant to think deeply about things. << >> How does the presence of others affect a task that is difficult/not well practiced? /GS7 27 0 R System 1 always operates automatically, with our easiest shortcut but often with error. /ExtGState << [3] This view holds that evolution makes the brain's allocation and use of cognitive resources extremely embarrassing. schemas create theories about how features go together and why, helps determine category membership, expertise affects the way we classify objects, classifying things according to how similar they are to the typical case, example of representativeness heuristic in medicine, the medicine should look like the disease eat bats for blindness, failure to recognize the the co-occurrence of two outcomes cannot be greater than the probability of each outcome alone, making judgments about the frequency or likelihood of an event based on the ease with which evidence or examples come to mind, tendency to assume that one has contributed more than their fair share to joint endeavors, spouses and house work /F3 23 0 R -Responses varied across cultures 70413 lego Top 5 Produkte unter der Lupe! How did the experimenters increase inter-group hostility between the two groups of boys? /BM /Normal Price$8,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,000Quantity5,000diamonds6,0007,0008,0009,00010,00011,00012,000. << 11 0 obj People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. Rossi . /Type /Page What is the difference between them? /F2 22 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R People can be cognitive misers over naive scientists but the /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] -People get aroused in crowds and self-awareness dissipates. -Asch did the test with the lines of different sizes, used confederates which stated the wrong answer, this made the real subject more likely to say the wrong answer even when they had written down the right one -Western: independent self, self-contained and autonomous Learn moreOpens in new window, Self-Inference Processes: The Ontario Symposium, Volume 6. This perspective assumes that detailed, deliberate processing is costly or expensive in terms of psychological resources, and our resource capacity is limited. In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. The metaphor of cognitive misers could assist people in drawing lessons from risks, which is the possibility that an undesirable state of reality may occur. What causes deindividuation? /Type /Page [13] People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. Overview cognitive miser Quick Reference An interpretation of stereotypes as psychological mechanisms that economize on the time and effort spent on information processing by simplifying social reality, which would otherwise overwhelm our cognitive capacities with its complexity. endobj /GS8 28 0 R /F1 21 0 R /Subtype /Type1 What is obedience? /Footer /Sect endobj /Title (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test Bank) Versailles Co. returned $3,000\$3,000$3,000 of the merchandise, receiving a credit memo, and then paid the amount due within the discount period. -Participants were with a confederate where the participant took on the role of a teacher and the confederate a student, they had to administer increasingly painful shocks in response to wrong answers, if they hesitated the experimenter encouraged them to continue Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Social Psychology: Bringing It All Together, Summative (additive model): the valence of all traits are summed, Averaging: the valence of all traits are averaged, Weighted averaging: the valence of all traits are first weighted (based on the importance of the variable within the context) and then averaged regarded as the, People may sense the world similarly, but perceive it differently. /F4 24 0 R /F4 24 0 R Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public.

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