The army took control of the government in Ni-geria in two coups d'tat in 1966. )refined petroleum consumption: 483,100 bbl/day (2019 est. The Army has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain brigade-sized forces in support of peacekeeping operations in Liberia. This system features the 3 tiers of government (also known as levels of government), the arms of government (or branches of government), with leadership structure identifying the top 4 citizens. Note: A ministry with a minister and one or more minister of state has only one permanent secretary. ), women married by age 15: 15.7%women married by age 18: 43.4%men married by age 18: 3.2% (2018 est. They have the following duties to perform: Now, lets talk about the arms of government in Nigeria. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997, from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Liberia and later Sierra Leone, when the civil wars broke out in those countries. Failure of the elections conducted by the civilian Government in 1965 and 1983 brought about the military intervention. You may want to know about best law firms for legal services. Interestingly, the Ernest Shonekan led administration had been set up as an interim government due to pressures on the Babangida led administration from both international and local quarters. Military rule is based on fear because they possessed weapons of coercion especially the gun. 100)FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541email address and website: info@nigeriaembassyusa.orghttps://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD (since24 December 2019)embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abujamailing address: 8320 Abuja Place, Washington DC 20521-8320telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036email address and website: AbujaACS@state.govhttps://ng.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Lagos, three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity, name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B.A. )wine: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. [25] The Nigerian Army has been playing a major role in defence of Nigerian Democracy since the first republic till date. )consumption: 18,787,602,000 cubic meters (2019 est. The executive arm of the Nigerian government structure is responsible for the implementation and maintenance of law, among other responsibilities. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2020 est. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 1,889,100 bbl/day (2018 est. The council performs executive functions with the President as the Chairman. The structure of Nigerian government come in a planned system; the 3 tiers of government (also known as levels of government), and the arms of government (also known as branches of government), Also Read: The relationship between the three tiers of government in Nigeria. The top 5 citizens of Nigeria are: Ever wondered how governments raise and spend money? It consists of three uniformed service branches: the Nigerian Army, Nigerian Navy, and Nigerian Air Force. These trends in the development of the armed forces as a fighting force, as well as efforts to combat corruption within the ranks of military personnel and government bureaucracy, have been critically important in the ability of Nigeria to confront challenges to its national security and stability in the wider region of West Africa as a whole. Military government freed 47 political prisoners including Gen. Oladipo Diya. Learn more about the creation of the 36 state and capital in Nigeria. It is the law making body of the state and acts as check on the executive arm of the state. [26], The Nigerian Navy (NN) is the sea branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. Coincidentally, many Igbo Majors were promoted soon after the coup which furthered confirmed these speculations. the federal government and its components (state and local government). Corruption has historically weakened the Nigerian military's capacity to face internal security threats, and is cited as being responsible for the continued longevity of rebels and terrorists operating throughout the nation. so that you can track your progress. Every governor has a deputy governor to help in overseeing the affairs of the state. The people should resist military rule through peaceful mass disobedience. Pry School Lesson notes will soon be ready. Nigeria - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency At the apex of government was the all-military Supreme Military Council (SMC), which was the lawmaking body for the entire federation. Three arms of government in Nigeria and their functions The Federal Executive The Federal Legislature The Judiciary Executive power President Nonetheless, Ibrahim Babangida handed over to a civilian government which was headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan on the 26thof August, 1993. ), -$1.849 billion (2021 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 16.95% (2021 est. The unicameral legislature is peculiar to each of the 36 states in Nigeria. Nigeria is divided administratively into the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) and 36 states, which are organized into the following six zones: South-West ZoneLagos, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo, Oshun,. In 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces. The governance styles of Nigerian leaders, both during the military and civilian regimes, have perpetuated poverty with dualistic policy in all sectors of the economy - housing, transport, health, education and other . The coup plotters attacked Ibadan, Lagos and Kaduna within a period of 2 days. Developing and maintaining of external relations. Nigeria: The Experience of Military Rule - jstor.org )from consumed natural gas: 36.856 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), general assessment: one of the larger telecom markets in Africa subject to sporadic access to electricity and vandalism of infrastructure; most Internet connections are via mobile networks; market competition with affordable access; LTE technologies available but GSM is dominant; mobile penetration high due to use of multiple SIM cards and phones; government committed to expanding broadband penetration; operators to deploy fiber optic cable in six geopolitical zones and Lagos; operators invested in base stations to deplete network congestion; submarine cable break in 2020 slowed speeds and interrupted connectivity; Nigeria concluded its first 5G spectrum auction in 2021 and granted licenses to two firms; construction of 5G infrastructure has not yet been completed (2022)domestic: fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base over 99 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, NCSCS, MainOne, Glo-1 & 2, ACE, and Equianofiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and South and West Africa; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available; digital broadcasting migration process completed in three states in 2018 (2019), total: 74,210,251 (2020 est. The House of Assembly of each state consists of 3 x the total number of seats that state has in the House of Representatives. The National Assembly is also responsible for the approval or disapproval of bills passed into the house, confirmation of appointments made by the president. In the Northern region for instance, the local government was known by the name " native authorities", with the emirs having enormous influence and authority in his locality. [11], Today, the NAF faces a number of domestic challenges which continue to undermine stability within Nigeria and the region as a whole. Fitch rating: B (2020)Moody's rating: B2 (2017)Standard & Poors rating: B- (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Local government must have specific powers to perform a range of functions assigned it by law. structure of military government in nigeria. Nigeria during the Abacha Years (1993-1998) - Chronology of Major [23] The U.S. commercial military contractor, Military Professional Resources Inc. has been involved around 19992000 in advising on civil-military relations for the armed forces.[24]. Reasons for Military Interventions in Nigeria, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, Major General J.T.U. Some of these threats include the ongoing conflict against the jihadist rebel group, Boko Haram in northeastern Nigeria, which has been in effect since July 2009. [5] With a force of more than 2,230,000 active personnel, the Nigerian military is one of the largest uniformed combat services in Africa. The reforms were informed by the objective consideration of the Udoji Commission Report of 1974. Many of the prominent military men were a part of this council however; his stay in power didnt last up to a year as another coup although bloodless led to his ouster. )consumption: 24,611,480,000 kWh (2019 est. )beer: 0.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. ), total: 55.17 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 60.43 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 49.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. "[22], Training establishments in Nigeria include the prestigious officer entry: Nigerian Defence Academy at Kaduna, the Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji, and the National War College at Abuja. Class: Senior (SS3) There are 774 local government areas in the Nigerian government structure, with Kano having the largest number of 44 and the smallest number of 9 belonging to Bayelsa state. Register or login to make commenting easier. Prior to this coup, many of the high ranking officials in the military felt that the first coup had been carried out to favour the Igbo people. [29], The Air Force sponsors the Air Force Military School, Jos, Nigeria and the Air Force Institute of Technology. But why? British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. The Nigerian government structure is styled into a federal system of government. The Civil Service: It was made up of both the Secretary to the military government and the Head of Service. Failure to conduct an acceptable population census. But the manner with which Aguiyi Ironsi took over meant that his stay in power wouldnt last for long. [14][15], In spite of these challenges to its operational readiness, the Nigerian Armed Forces have committed to a number of wide-ranging modernization programs to bolster the discipline and firepower of its troops. Provision of amenities which include public education, affordable quality healthcare, electricity, affordable housing, good roads, and other utilities. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Structure And Weaknesses Of Military Rule In Nigeria Creation of employment opportunities, and friendly environment for businesses to grow. The future of Nigerian politics lies in tolerating civilian governance. Finally in 1998, General Sani Abacha died in power as a result of a heart attack and this eventually signalled the end of military rule. Suitable For: Students & Teachers )8.53% (2019 est. The National Assembly serve as check on the executive arm of the government. Federalism is a system of government in which governmental powers that exists in a country are shared between central government and component region. These included Islamic empires in northern Nigeria and smaller organized political groupings in southern Nigeria. It has also seized power twice at home (1966 & 1983). )expenditures: $19.54 billion (2017 est. The arms of government can be referred to as the branches of government in Nigeria. (d) perform such other functions as may be prescribed by an act of the National Assembly. Presently, Nigeria has 774 local government councils, hence, 774 local government chairmen. The military are not trained in the act of governance. The state governments receive more than half their money from federal government and also collects taxes. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. Government - Military Rule in Nigeria - Passnownow Nigeria is a republic with a federal democracy and an executive president. Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Quick Interesting Post: The History and Impacts of Military Rule in Nigeria. The roles of a country's armed forces are entrenched in her constitution. The country was at its infantile stage and was still trying to adapt to its new state of independence. The judiciary branch of the Nigerian government structure is laden with the responsibility of interpretation of the law, and ensures compliance with these laws. )$5,100 (2019 est. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )spirits: 0.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )male: 6.9% (2020 est. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fevernote 1: on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreaknote 2: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 9 December 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 266,283 cases of COVID-19 or 129.17 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,155 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.53 cumulative death per 100,000 population; as of 13 November 2022, 29.28% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine note 3: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 4.49 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. Thank you. 1. )exports: 12,000 metric tons (2020 est. )imports of goods and services: -13.2% (2017 est. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASEnote: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Sukur Cultural Landscape; Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, one of the largest West African economies; oil-dependent exports, revenues, and credit; COVID-19 and oil price shocks have resulted in slowing growth, high inflation, increasing unemployment; frequent disruptions due to political instability, especially in the north, $1.05 trillion (2021 est. Mismanagement and wastage of public funds. Protection of lives and properties of its citizens. )investment in inventories: 0.7% (2017 est. )other alcohols: 3.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. structure of military government in nigeria. We have in the apex the big Commander-in-Chief and it then goes down. Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. This system features the 3 tiers of government (also known as levels of government), the arms of government (or branches of government), with leadership structure identifying the top 4 citizens. It is called the State House of Assembly. ), production: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling People's Democratic Party that had governed since 1999, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. The governor is the Chief pilot of the state plane, and has the power to appoint the rest of his cabin crew, which are the commissioners and advisers (unlike the federal level where they are called ministers). )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. The cabinet members include 36 ministers, each chosen from the 36 states of Nigeria by the president. The legislature branch of the Nigerian government structure is the law making body of the country. Added to that was the reality that the governmental structure put in place after the collapse of the military government of Gen. Sani Abacha in 1998 did not account for the very different set of . The upper chamber, which is known as the Senate, consists of 109 members who are called senators. Scholarships )percent of population: 36% (2020 est. Nigeria AP Gov Flashcards | Quizlet Nigerian Army - Wikipedia The Supreme Court is presided over by the Chief Justice of Nigeria and 13 associate justices. So there was a break from military rule between 1976 and 1983. Age Calculator, About Us National Economic Council. )-$13.685 billion (2019 est. This led to the execution of Mamman Vatsa and 10 other military officers that same year. ), municipal: 5 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Nigeria's Democracy is too military in structure - Chief Bode George It is also defined as the system of government in which governmental powers are shared between the central government, i.e. )services: 56.4% (2017 est. WITHIN NIGERIA has highlighted two significant events that took place on March 4 in Nigeria history in an effort to raise awareness for educational purpose. The Nigerian army is headed currently by Major General Farouk Yahaya, who was appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari. The military derives pleasure in passing harsh laws (draconian laws) which sometimes take retroactive effect. The civil war greatly increased this military presence: because of the war, the armed forces were . Local government must enjoy substantial autonomy to It's Also the Solution. 2. )exports of goods and services: 11.9% (2017 est. This includes the acquisition of new armored vehicles, combat aircraft and aerial reconnaissance drones, and the refurbishing of naval vessels, which had suffered from a prolonged periods of poor or minimal maintenance. Establishment of research institutes, educational institutions, health care facilities, etc. [38] Nigeria has contributed more than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria The Head of State/President The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) The National Council States The Council of Ministers The Judiciary The Civil Service D. Achievements of the Military Rule in Nigeria Infrastructural developments e.g. notable engagements including its 2017 involvement as part of the ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia. )exports: 0 kWh (2019 est. We have JSS & SSS lesson notes. The Long Years of Military Rule in Nigeria: A Blessing or a Curse Federal Executive Council; 2. The government created two political parties, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the National Republican Convention (NRC), and produced their agendas for them; freely formed parties were not registered, and many politicians were banned from politics. It is led by the President of Nigeria. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Supreme military council was created by Muhammed Buhari while Muritala Muhammed. [33][34][35] This doctrine of African military intervention by Nigeria is sometimes called Pax Nigeriana.[36]. Its major formations include the 1st Division, 2nd Division, 3rd Armoured Division, 81st Division, 82nd Division and the newly formed 8th, 7th and 6th Divisions. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).

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