However, this traditional identification of the cities built by Nimrod in Genesis is no longer accepted by modern scholars, who consider them to be located in Sumer, not Syria. Its temples and its palaces had become so encrusted in the soil during eight centuries of men, that Strabo knows it only as a waste, and Tacitus treats it as a Castellum; and in the thirteenth century of our era, Abulfaragius confirms the prophecy of Nahum and the narrative of Tacitus, by recording nothing but the existence of a small fortification on the eastern bank of the Tigris. His son Nebuchadnezzar is said to have married the daughter of Astyages, the king of the Medes, and thus brings down the history to the times of our Prophet. And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language . Assuming Nimrod ruled during the Uruk Expansion period, which covered most of the 4th millennium B.C. Credited with the destruction of the temple of Solomon in 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar II was also responsible for sending the Jews into exile, according to the Bible. The lower part of the tablet contains an inscription, describing Nebuchadnezzars tower-building programs. They are supposed to have brought with them to Babylon a knowledge of astronomy superior to any then known, since they reduced their observations on the sun, moon, five planets, signs of the zodiac, and the rising and setting of the sun, to a regular system; and the Greeks are said by Herodotus to have derived from them the division of the day into twelve equal parts. The Hebrew text states that he was a mighty hunter before the Lord. The first Babylonian king to rule Egypt, he is also famous . In the left-hand corner of the tablet there is a diagram of a large, seven-storied tower; above it, a separate floor plan of the massive edifice. A small handful of artifacts, however, help show an interesting link between Nebuchadnezzar and the biblical colossus. 12. section. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego - Wikipedia The ensuing years of Babylonian history till its overthrow by Cyrus in 539 B.C . Real Answers. [Nimrod] told him: Worship the cloud! Now the multitude were very ready to follow the determination of Nimrod, and to esteem it a piece of cowardice to submit to God; and they built a tower, neither sparing any pains, nor being in any degree negligent about the work: and, by reason of the multitude of hands employed in it, it grew very high, sooner than any one could expect; but the thickness of it was so great, and it was so strongly built, that thereby its great height seemed, upon the view, to be less than it really was. He also said he would be revenged on God, if he should have a mind to drown the world again; for that he would build a tower too high for the waters to reach. Forster, indeed, has argued at considerable length in favor of their Arabian origin, and supposes them the well known Beni Khaled, a horde of Bedouin Arabs. The testimony of profane antiquity to the truth and historical accuracy of Daniel may be found in a convenient form in Kitto's Bibli. [Nimrod] said to him: Worship the wind! 4 After returning from Ecbatana, the capital of Media, the conqueror celebrated a banquet at Nineveh which lasted one hundred and twenty days. Nimrod, grandson of Ham, son of Noah, was the real founder of the Babylonish system that has gripped the world ever sincethe system of organized competitionof man-ruled governments and empires, based upon the competitive and profit-making economic system. Herodotus gives us a hint of the antiquity and pre-eminence of Assyria when he says, "The Medes were the first who began to revolt from the Assyrians, who had possessed the supreme command over Upper Asia for five hundred and twenty years." From such a beginning, it is likely that Nimrod began to rule, and to force others to submit. And the king believed in the Creator of the heavens and the earth and witnessed of his faith to his empire (Daniel 2:47; 3:28,29). According to some modern-day theorists, their placement in the Bible suggests a Babylonian originpossibly inserted during the Babylonian captivity.[9]. Nimrod was reincarnated into Nebuchadnezzar | Ohr Makif On the topmost tower there is a spacious temple There is no statue of any kind set up in the place, nor is the chamber occupied of nights by any one but a single native woman, who, as the Chaldeans, the priests of this god, affirm, is chosen for himself by the deity out of all the women of the land. The authorities are quoted at length, and the whole subject is ably elucidated. [37] Nimrod's imperial ventures described in Genesis may be based on the conquests of the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I. From this opinion we entirely dissent. 10, and Freret Rcch. : , - , ! In Pseudo-Philo (dated c. AD 70), Nimrod is made leader of the Hamites, while Joktan as leader of the Semites, and Fenech as leader of the Japhethites, are also associated with the building of the Tower. Similarly, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (date uncertain) mentions a Jewish tradition that Nimrod left Shinar in southern Mesopotamia and fled to Assyria in northern Mesopotamia, because he refused to take part in building the Towerfor which God rewarded him with the four cities in Assyria, to substitute for the ones in Babel. [23] Ibrahim refutes him by stating that Allah brings the Sun up from the East, and so he asks the king to bring it from the West. No king named Nimrod or with a similar name appears anywhere on any pre-biblical, extra-biblical or historic Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian or Babylonian king list, nor does the name Nimrod appear in any other writings from Mesopotamia itself in any context whatsoever. There is even a possible reference to the Prophet Daniels three friends on one of Nebuchadnezzars clay tablets (see here for more information). Ancestors and Successors of Nebuchadnezzar - Bible Study Guide Babylon later reached its zenith under Nebuchadnezzar (sixth century BC). First of all, nobody thinks Nebuchadnezzar was Nimrod. Both episodes were voiced by Mel Blanc and produced by Edward Selzer.[55]. Hebrew sources claim that Nimrod was a hunter of souls where he gathered men onto the plains of Shinar. c. 575 BCE. 16, and Euseb. The Christian Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea as early as the early 4th century, noting that the Babylonian historian Berossus in the 3rd century BC had stated that the first king after the flood was Euechoios of Chaldea (in reality Chaldea was a small state historically not founded until the 9th century BC), identified him with Nimrod. The records of succeeding ages are too few to enable us to follow the stream of history: we have nothing to guide us but myths, and legends, and traditionary sovereigns, whose names are but the fictions of imagination. Nimrod is the prototype of a rebellious people, his name being . Our aim is to share the Word and be true to it. Genesis says that the "beginning of his kingdom" (reshit mamlakhto) were the towns of "Babel, Erech, Akkad and Calneh in the land of Shinar" (Mesopotamia) (Gen 10:10)understood variously to imply that he either founded these cities, ruled over them, or both. This fits squarely with the tower of Babel (Genesis 10:10; 11:4). The main god of the Babylonians was Marduk, who, since the time of the First Dynasty, more than a 1000 years earlier, had generally been named Bl. [4] He is described as the son of Cush, grandson of Ham, and great-grandson of Noah; and as "a mighty one in the earth" and "a mighty hunter before the Lord". Since then, it has been kept as part of the private Norwegian Schyen Collection. [9] Several Mesopotamian ruins were given Nimrod's name by 8th-century AD Muslim Arabs, including the ruins of the Assyrian city of Kalhu (the biblical Calah), which was in reality built by Shalmaneser I (12741244 BC)[4], A number of attempts to connect him with historical figures have been made without any success. The view of Gesenius in his Lectures at Halle in 1839, quoted in "The Times of Daniel," appears preferable, -- "The Chaldeans had their original seat on the east of the Tigris, south of Armenia, which we now call Koordistan; and, like the Koords in our day, they were warlike mountaineers, without agriculture, shepherds and robbers, and also mercenaries in the Assyrian army; so Xenophon found them.". [27][28], The Quran states, "Have you not considered him who had an argument with Abraham about his Lord, because God had given him the kingdom (i.e. Nimrod has not been attested in any historic, non-biblical registers, records or king lists, including those of Mesopotamia itself. sur les anc. [citation needed], Still other versions have Nimrod persisting in his rebellion against God, or resuming it. There is no back. After a period of Assyrian control, Babylon became self-governing again under Chaldean rule, and seized the reign of the known world. History What was the background of Nebuchadnezzars kingdom? Other than the Lee letter and the Tressell novel, the first recorded use of "nimrod" in this meaning was in 1932. Strabo also informs us that the same language was used throughout all the regions on the banks of the Euphrates. The view of Gesenius in his Lectures at Halle in 1839, quoted in "The Times of Daniel," appears preferable, -- "The Chaldeans had their original seat on the east of the Tigris, south of Armenia, which we now call Koordistan; and, like the Koords in our day, they were warlike mountaineers, without agriculture, shepherds and robbers, and also mercenaries in the Assyrian army; so Xenophon found them." Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd - Bible To determine the question which was raised in our last Dissertation, we must investigate the origin of the Chaldeans, as it was the tribe whence Nebuchadnezzar sprung. Since a remote time, people had abandoned it without order expressing their words . This towera type of the famous Mesopotamian religious zigguratshad been heavily repaired during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar. Nebuchadnezzar, page 406. In this version, the weaver is called Sisan, and the fourth son of Noah is called Yonton. Chronological Notes and Seventy-Sevens of Daniel 9:24-27 Nebuchadnezzar's Lineage. And the Babylonian kingdom continued until it fell to the Medes and Persians in 539 BC. [citation needed], The story attributes to Abraham elements from the story of Moses' birth (the cruel king killing innocent babies, with the midwives ordered to kill them) and from the careers of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego who emerged unscathed from the fire. This was an imposing tower: Archaeological excavations, as well as a third century b.c.e. And that he would avenge himself on God for destroying their forefathers. More recently, Yigal Levin (2002) suggests that the fictional Nimrod was a recollection of Sargon of Akkad and also of his grandson Naram-Sin, with the name "Nimrod" derived from the latter. The word Chasdim in the Hebrew and Chasdaim in the Chaldee dialects, is clearly the same as the Greek Caldai~oi; and Gesenius supposing the root to have been originally card, refers them to the race inhabiting the mountains called by Xenophon Carduchi. In the History of the Prophets and Kings by the 9th century Muslim historian al-Tabari, Nimrod has the tower built in Babil, Allah destroys it, and the language of mankind, formerly Syriac, is then confused into 72 languages. 12 Lib. Nimrod was a very significant man in ancient times, the grandson of Ham and great-grandson of Noah. The former consisted in the worship of the heavenly bodies. One thing Nebuchadnezzar isn't generally known for, though, is a link with the tower of Babel the attempt by Nimrod to build a tower up to heaven, dashed by God's confounding of the languages (Genesis 11). Thus, according to Diodorus Siculus, Belesys was the chief president of the priests, "whom the Babylonians call Chaldeans,", ,) the president of the priests belonged to the highest class in the kingdom, and is called. we learn that they spoke the Aramaic dialect, which the Alexandrine Version, as well as Theodotion's, denominates the Syriac. See Prideaux's authorities, and his arrangement of the Assyrian kings, which differs slightly from that here adopted. [2] Later extra-biblical traditions identified Nimrod as the ruler who commissioned the construction of the Tower of Babel, which led to his reputation as a king who was rebellious against God. Despite the claims of critics (particularly those who try to pass off the Bible as a late forgery of overly imaginative writers), archaeological finds such as Nebuchadnezzars cylinders and Tower of Babel Stele continue to provide sound evidence that backs up the biblical account. The following version of the confrontation between Abraham and Nimrod appears in the Midrash Rabba, a major compilation of Jewish Scriptural exegesis. According to chapter. Clio. Cyaxares, the son of Phraortes, at length avenged his father's death at Rhages, and by the aid of Nabopolassar, threw off the yoke of Assyria, attacked and took Nineveh about 606 A.C., and thus, by fixing the seat of empire at Babylon, blotted out the name of Nineveh from the page of the world's history. 8-10; I Chron. tower that the legendary epic (dated to about 2300 b.c.e., according to biblical chronology) derived. [38], Julian Jaynes also indicates Tukulti-Ninurta I (a powerful king of the Middle Assyrian Empire) as the inspiration for Nimrod. 4 Among the evil dictators in recent history, Saddam stands unique in his insatiable lust and selfish preoccupation with his own power and glory. The Bible develops a very prominent and notorious character named Nimrod. Nebuchadnezzar was a powerful king of Babylon who reigned from about 605 BC until around 562 BC.As a conqueror of Jerusalem and an architect of Jewish captiv. [citation needed] Some Jewish traditions also identified him with Cyrus, whose birth according to Herodotus was accompanied by portents, which made his grandfather try to kill him. The Tower of Babel Stele is a black ceremonial stone, about 50 centimeters (20 inches) tall, discovered just over a century ago among the ruins of the city of Babylon. Nabopolassar (626605 b.c.) The word, in the Chaldee dialects, is clearly the same as the Greek, and Gesenius supposing the root to have been originally, refers them to the race inhabiting the mountains called by Xenophon. 3 Strabo, lib. [30] Then Abraham says, "Indeed, God brings up the sun from the east, so bring it up from the west. The Bible states that he was "a mighty hunter before the Lord [and] began to be mighty in the earth". Other versions have Nimrod give to Abraham, as a conciliatory gift, the giant slave Eliezer, whom some accounts describe as Nimrod's own son (the Bible also mentions Eliezer as Abraham's majordomo, though not making any connection between him and Nimrod). "The question," says Heeren, "what the Chaldeans really were, and whether they ever properly existed as a nation, is one of the most difficult which history presents. THE ANCESTORS AND SUCCESSORS OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR. The [five] letters that spell "Nimrod" can be aligned with the [first five] letters that spell "Nebuchadnezzar", and the last three letters [of "Nebuchadnezzar"] spell the word for "ruler" [in Hebrew, "netzer"]. The Tower of Babel, King Nebuchadnezzar II and the Schyen Collection There was a historical Assyrian queen Shammuramat in the 9th century BC, in reality the wife of Shamshi-Adad V, whom Assyriologists have identified with Semiramis, while others make her a later namesake of a much earlier (again, historically unattested) Semiramis. 8 Anab. 1, also Pliny's N. H., lib. Nimrod told him: Worship the water! Nimrod started his kingdom at Babylon ( Genesis 10:10 ). After the catastrophic failure (through God's will) of that most ambitious endeavour and in the midst of the confusion of tongues, Nimrd the giant moved to the land of Evilt, where his wife, Enh gave birth to twin brothers Hunor and Magyar (aka Magor). Lee describes a "young nimrod from the West", who in declining an appointment to West Point expressed the concern that "I hope my country will not be endangered by my doing so. Tacit. The phrase of Jonah, "that great city," is amply confirmed by the historian, Diodorus Siculus, (lib. Ancient scribes have also endorsed the idea that Nimrod was the world's first conqueror. Copyright 6 Volume 2, chapter 1., Babylon, p. 147, Eng. In the New Monthly Magazine for August and September 1845, there are two articles very full of illustration of our subject, by W. F. Ainsworth, entitled, The Rivers and Cities of Babylonia. [36], According to Ronald Hendel the name Nimrod is probably a much later polemical distortion of the Semitic Assyrian god Ninurta, a prominent god in Mesopotamian religion who had cult centers in a number of Assyrian cities such as Kalhu, and also in Babylon, and was a patron god of a number of Assyrian kings. 1 p. 314. ff. Now it was Nimrod who excited them to such an affront and contempt of God. One thing Nebuchadnezzar isn't generally known for, though, is a link with the tower of Babelthe attempt by Nimrod to build a tower up to heaven, dashed by God's confounding of the languages (Genesis 11). Search through the entire ancient history timeline. George Syncellus (c. 800) also had access to Berossus, and he too identified the also historically unattested Euechoios with the biblical Nimrod. The views of Hengstenberg are usually so correct, that the student may generally adopt them at once as his own. And Babylonia became weaker than the controlling Hittite and Egyptian kingdoms. [39], Alexander Hislop, in his tract The Two Babylons (1853), identified Nimrod with Ninus (also unattested anywhere in Mesopotamian king lists), who according to Greek mythology was a Mesopotamian king and husband of Queen Semiramis,[40] with a whole host of deities throughout the Mediterranean world, and with the Persian Zoroaster. : , , ? Another Muslim historian of the 13th century, Abu al-Fida, relates the same story, adding that the patriarch Eber (an ancestor of Abraham) was allowed to keep the original tongue, Hebrew in this case, because he would not partake in the building. What was the background of Nebuchadnezzars kingdom? The 10th-century Muslim historian Masudi recounts a legend making the Nimrod who built the tower to be the son of Mash, the son of Aram, son of Shem, adding that he reigned 500 years over the Nabateans. The association with Erech (Sumero-Akkadian Uruk), a city that lost its prime importance around 2000 BC as a result of struggles between Isin, Ur, Larsa and Elam, also attests the early provenance of the stories of Nimrod. Nimrod and Abraham. Nimrod (/nmrd/;[1] Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}, Modern:Nmrd, Tiberian:Nmr; Imperial Aramaic: ; Arabic: , romanized:Numrd) is a biblical figure mentioned in the Book of Genesis and Books of Chronicles. In others, he proclaims himself a god and is worshipped as such by his subjects, sometimes with his consort Semiramis worshipped as a goddess at his side. [7] Flavius Josephus believed that it was likely under his direction that the building of Babel and its tower began; in addition to Josephus, this is also the view found in the Talmud (Chullin 89a, Pesahim 94b, Erubin 53a, Avodah Zarah 53b), and later midrash such as Genesis Rabba. inscriptions are not even the earliest archaeological record we have of a tower of Babelconfusion of languages story. And, if indeed more accurate, it provides an even stronger link to the language phenomenon at the tower of Babel, stating that sometime during this original building project the people had abandoned it without order expressing their words. Was this, then, the reason that the tower was named Borsippabecause a great Babel of unordered words led to the abandonment of the project? "Nimrod" is spelled: nun-mem-reish-vav-dalet. Nothing has been disprovedonly the numerous theories of the critics. This was the first time one Sumerian city succeeded in doing this. The testimony of Cicero is precisely similar. [citation needed], Nimrod is mentioned by name in several places in the Bah scriptures, including the Kitb-i-qn, the primary theological work of the Bah Faith. He was succeeded by his son Laosduchius, the Nabuchodonosor of the Book of Judith, whose successor commenced his reign in the fifty-first year of Manasseh, being the hundred and first of the above mentioned era. 1 cap. The partial translation follows: Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon am I: In order to complete [the towers] Etemenanki and Eurmeiminanki, I mobilized all countries everywhere the base I filled in to make a high terrace. He said [to himself]: what shall I do? Nimrod's party then defeated the Japhethites to assume universal rulership. There is another translation of this text that is even more direct in language. But the author of "The Times of Daniel" endeavors to identify him with either Sardanapalus or Esarhaddon; the arguments by which this supposition is supported will be found in detail in the work itself, while the original passages in Josephus and Eusebius are found at length in the notes to Grotius on "The truth of the Christian religion." In Jeremiah, (Jeremiah 39:3-13,) the president of the priests belonged to the highest class in the kingdom, and is called gmbr, rab-mag, a word of Persian origin, and clearly applicable to the office as described by Daniel. The late discoveries in Egypt, and the high state of civilization attained by these "swarthy barbarians," have led the learned to the conclusion that we have hitherto lost many centuries between the flood and Abraham; and since the long list of Egyptian dynasties, as given by Manetho, has been proved accurate, it may fairly be supposed that the Assyrian sculptures will rather add to the credit of Ctesias than detract from it. Hengstenberg has tested the historical truthfulness of the author of this book, by comparing his account of the Chaldean priest-caste with those of profane history. . This translation calls this massive, unfinished tower the most ancient monument of Babylon. 8 Vaux quotes Dicaearchus, a Greek historian of the time of Alexander the Great, as alluding to a certain Chaldean, a king of Assyria, who is supposed to have built Babylon; and in later times, Chaldea implied the whole of Mesopotamia around Babylon, which had also the name of Shiner. He, along with his entire nation, is also the giant responsible for the building of the Tower of Babelconstruction of which was supposedly started by him 201 years after the biblical event of the Great Flood. Titus, Nebuchadnezzar, and Nimrod in the adth and Midrash Aggadah Proof of his exploits, as described in the Bible, has been evidenced heavily in archaeology: his role as king of Babylon, his defeat of the Egyptian army, his repeat sieges of Jerusalem, his installation of a puppet king (Zedekiah), and his final destruction of Jerusalem c. 586 b.c.e. About UsContact UsPrayer RequestsPrivacy Policy, Latest AnswersBible LessonsBibleAsk LIVEOnline Bible. 5 Bk. But Babylon did not disappear. [22], In some versions, such as Flavius Josephus, Nimrod is a man who sets his will against that of God. Some Muslim commentators assign Nimrod as the king. Pictured above are mudbrick ruins of Nebuchadnezzar's city along with ancient wall lines and canals in modern day Iraq. From. [20], In Jewish and Islamic traditions, a confrontation between Nimrod and Abraham is said to have taken place. Despite the claims of critics (particularly those who try to pass off the Bible as a late forgery of overly imaginative writers), archaeological finds such as Nebuchadnezzars cylinders and Tower of Babel Stele continue to provide sound evidence that backs up the biblical account. But Nebuchadnezzar is the wrong king in the wrong place at the wrong time for his ziggurat to be Babel. If the people were of old northern mountaineers, they spoke a language connected with the Indo-Persic and Indo-Germanic stem rather than the Semitic. [Nimrod] told him: Worship the Fire! Archaeology has shown that Babylons history goes backsurprise, surpriseto c. 2300 b.c.e. ), describes the building of a tower, a deity confounding languages, and a prescribed incantation to cause the language of the people to become as one! Michaelis and Sehlozer consider their origin to be Sclavonic, and, consequently, distinct from the Babylonians, who were descendants of Shem. He was the founder of Babylon and Assyria. The Ge'ez Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan (c. 5th century) also contains a version similar to that in the Cave of Treasures, but the crown maker is called Santal, and the name of Noah's fourth son who instructs Nimrod is Barvin. [Abraham] said to him: And shall we worship the human, who withstands the wind? The ascent to the top is on the outside, by a path which winds round all the towers. Gronov., p. 40. : , ? Trans. historian Herodotus: In the middle of [Babylons] precinct there was a tower of solid masonry upon which was raised a second tower, and on that a third, and so on up to eight. It is not easy to assign with certainty the correct dates to each of these kings, the reckoning of Josephus is here followed, which he derives from Berosus. So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. [citation needed] Ancestors and Successors of Nebuchadnezzar The Babylonian Talmud (Gittin 56b) attributes Titus's death to an insect that flew into his nose and picked at his brain for seven years in a repetition of another legend referring to the biblical King Nimrod. Did Nimrod or Nebuchadnezzar build the Tower of Babel? (2023) ap. The steles statement of raising the towers top to the heaven is interestingit parallels the intent in building the tower of Babel, whose top is in the heavens (Genesis 11:4). These stories are found among the worlds most far-reaching, diverse cultures. In David Rohl's theory, Enmerkar, the Sumerian founder of Uruk, was the original inspiration for Nimrod, because the story of Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta[45] bears a few similarities to the legend of Nimrod and the Tower of Babel, and because the -KAR in Enmerkar means "hunter". Such an event would result in some form of a tower of Babelconfusion of languages story being carried by separate cultures all over the world. Still elsewhere, he mentions another king Nimrod, son of Canaan, as the one who introduced astrology and attempted to kill Abraham. Then, in northern Mesopotamia ascended another world empire, the Assyrian Kingdom, which again unified Mesopotamia and Western Asia. Nebuchadnezzar's armies destroy the Phoenician settlement at Tel Kabri. However, in another version, the Homilies (H 9:46), Nimrod is made to be the same as Zoroaster. Real Questions. An Assyrian inscription, written up to 200 years earlier (eighth century b.c.e. Cuneiform cylinder with inscription of Nebuchadnezzar II, describing Nebuchadnezzar and Babel: Wrong place, wrong time, wrong king For other uses, see, Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback, Depending on how the text is read, "Calneh" may be the fourth city name in this enumeration, or it may be part of an expression meaning "all of them in Shinar". But the God of Daniel the prophet revealed Himself to the king. Modern Babylon. It further adds that Nimrod "saw in the sky a piece of black cloth and a crown". To The term "nimrod" is sometimes used in English to mean either a tyrant or a skillful hunter. [citation needed] Some Jewish traditions also identified him with Cyrus, whose birth according to Herodotus was accompanied by portents, which made his grandfather try to kill him. 10; Micah v. 5 [A. V. 6]).
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